今年本市中考英语试卷改革,听力理解部分减少了10分,而单项选择题型和阅读理解题型分值比以往各增加了5分,这也就意味着在这两项上会有难度和题量的增加。下面就对以上两种题型做简单分析,望广大考生引起重视。 首先,单项选择题所考查的知识面要更广泛,所涉及的知识也会更加深入。因考点较多,今天只对非谓语动词部分进行分析。非谓语动词是初中英语教学中的重点和难点,也是每年中考必考的考点。非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动名词和分词,初中阶段主要考查动词不定式及其相关的延伸用法。 耀华中学 刘鸿林 在课本当中动词不定式是在哪里出现的呢?不定式的用法与考点又是在我们平时学习中怎样不经意中成为过眼云烟的呢?现在我们就简单地来复习一下。 1.做主语 It took 50 years for 100 million people to listen to the radio. (Book5 Revision Module A) 动词不定式做主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb。) + to do sth.; It + take + sb. + some time + to do sth。 注意:形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词,如kind, nice, clever等时,应当使用of sb. 的结构。 例如:It is very brave of her (to help Kylie). (Book4 Module 9 Unit 1) 2.做宾语 Jamie Oliver is a young cook who wants to improve school dinners. (Book5 Module 10 Unit 2) 使用不定式做宾语首先要看前边的谓语动词。有些动词后面只能用不定式做宾语,如want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, would like等。 有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语,含义相同,如like, start, begin等;有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语,含义不同,如 stop, remember, forget, try, regret, mean等。 形式宾语,结构为:主语+谓语(表示内心活动如:find,think等)+it + adj. + to do sth。 例如:I find it difficult to learn maths。 有些动词后加不带to的不定式做宾语,如had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not, why don’t you等。 复合不定式结构做宾语。 We wouldn’t know what to do, or how to look after ourselves. (Book4 Module 10 Unit 2) 注意:复合不定式结构中,要区别what to do和how to do it。 延伸:有些结构中的to并不是不定式的标志而是介词,后面要加名词,代词或动名词。 其他常用动词短语还有:pay attention to, be/get/become used to,be known to, be/get married to, see to, belong to等。 3.做宾语补足语 不定式做宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。后面常加不定式做宾语补足语的谓语动词有:tell, ask, want, allow, get, encourage等。 在一些使役动词和感官动词后也使用不定式做宾语补足语,但此时不定式要省略to。有一口诀可以快速有效记忆这些动词: 四看(see, watch, notice, observe) 三让(make, let, have) 两听(hear, listen to) 一感觉(feel) 半帮助(help) 例如:Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. (Book4 Module 1 Unit 2) ①注意:当不带to的不定式做宾语补足语前面的动词变为被动语态时,省略的to要还原。 例如:People saw him enter the house last night。 变被动 He was seen to enter the house last night。 ②注意:现在分词和不定式做宾语补足语的含义区别。不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;现在分词做宾语补足语,表示正在进行着的动作。 例如:I can even hear the birds singing! (Book4 Module 7 Unit 1) ①延伸:have sth. done 结构中,过去分词做宾语补足语,表示动作由他人完成,含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。 例如:I had my hair cut yesterday。 ②延伸:除了不定式可以做宾语补足语,形容词和名词等也都可以做宾语补足语。 例如:They both act well in this film, and make their characters believable. (Book4 Module 6 Unit 2) Dr. Bethune’s work with the Chinese soldiers made him a hero in China. (Book4 Module 9 Unit 2) 4.做状语 Everyone is surprised to see him but they’re also pleased to see him alive. (Book5 Module 2 Unit 2) 原因状语 Sun Haiping used the information to change Liu’s training programme. (Book5 Module 3 Unit 2) 目的状语 I looked carefully over them, but it was still too dark to see anything. (Book5 Module 1 Unit 2) 结果状语 5.做定语 I knew it was there, but there was nothing to see. (Book5 Module 1 Unit 2) 另外,阅读理解将成为今年中考变化的一个重点。因为英语并非考生母语,所以阅读理解能力的提高需要有规律和持久的练习与积累。那么我们在考试中应当怎样做才能更快速更准确地完成阅读理解呢?考生常犯的错误有:1. 审题不清,盲目作答。2. 以偏概全,忽略依据。3. 主观臆断,不顾作者。主旨推断,理解有误。 |
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