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定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句
As is well known to us all，…
=It’s well known to us all that…众所周知
As is mentioned above 正如上文提到的那样
As is expected正如预料的那样
高级定语从句：
若定语从句中的动词带有介词，只需将介词移至先行词后。
We came to a placeto which they had never paid a visit before.
表示整体与部分之间的关系，定语从句使用some/both/ all/ neither/none/ 20%/the taller of which/whom
There are 3,000 students in the school，80% of whom come from abroad.
The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
Gone are the dayswhen……日子一去不复返
There was a timewhen….一度…;曾有一段时间……
It is high timethat sb should do/ did sth. 是时候…
Gone are the days when he was addicted to computer games.
It is high time that we should take effective measures to bring environmental pollution under control.
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it作形式主语的主语从句
It is commonly/generally believed/ considered that…人们普遍认为……
It’s strongly suggested that…强烈建议
It’s reported that…---according to the report 据报道
It’s point out that…有人指出
It is no wonder that 不足为奇
It is common knowledge/ sense that……是常识。
It is a pity/wonder that……是遗憾/奇迹。
It (never) occurs to sb. that 某人(从未)想到
It (so) happened that…（如此）碰巧
It is adj for/ of sb to do sth.
It’s no good/ use/ fun/ a wasteof time doing sth.
3.it 作形式宾语：代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。
常见结构：
主语＋ think / consider / find / feel/ make / believe / regard ＋it＋adj./ n. (for sb.)to do.
Our school makes it a rule to read English everyday.
主语＋ think / consider / find / feel＋it＋ no good / use doing sth.
I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.
主语＋hate / dislike / love / like ＋it ＋when－从句，表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。
I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
主语＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if－从句
I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.
主语＋see to / answer for it＋that－从句(确保……)
主语＋depend on it ＋that－从句(指望，确信……)
①You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.
②You can depend upon it that we won't give up.
③I answer for it that she is an honest girl.
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4.There be 句型
There is no denying the factthat…
…事实不容否认（代替There is no doubt that…）
There is no need (for sb) to do.（某人）没有必要做某事。
There is no sense/point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。
There is (no) possibility that…(没) 有可能做某事。
There is no good/ use doing sth. ……是不好的/没用的。
5.倒装句
含有否定意义的词前置，需要倒装，如hardly, seldom,never,bynomeans,in no way,nowhere等
Nowherecan you find such a beautiful place like Qingdao.
In no way should you lose confidence.
Hardly had sb. done … when sb.did 一…就
No sooner had sb. done …than sb. did
Not only….but also
Not only does he study hard, but also he is willing to help others.
Not until位于句首使用倒装
Not until people lose health will they realize the importance of it.
Only in this way can we…只有这样，我们才能…
Only +状语 使用倒装
so/such…that (结果状语从句) 结构中，so或such引导的部分位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
Such a kindhearted man is he that everyone loves him.
6.强调句：将主语、宾语或表时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句。
It is/was +被强调部分+that +其他。
It wasthen that I realized the importance of English.
It is our study that we should attach more importance to.
Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
Itis/was not until….that….
7. with的独立结构形式（详见独立主格教案）：
with+名词+形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.
他很快就开着灯睡着了。
The teacher came into the classroom，with some books in his hand.
老师手里拿着书走进了教室。
He left home with the window still open.
他离开了家，窗户还开着。
With the sunlighting brightly and the birds singing clearly, I went to school in high spirits
提示：“with＋n.＋介词短语”结构也可用做定语，修饰一个名词。
with的反义词是without，因此，without也可用于此种结构。
Please help the woman with a baby in her arms.
请帮一下那个怀里抱着孩子的妇女。
I felt nervous at the debate，without anything to say.
辩论会上无话可说，我感到很紧张
8. 巧妙地使用非谓语动词：
可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。
We’ll mostly stayat home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
Hearing this, afew people began to run after him.
Born in American,Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
Located in theeast of Asia, China is the third largest country in the word with a longhistory of more than 5,000 years, which covers a total area of 9,6 millionsquare kilometres.
Taking all thefactors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusionthat……
Compared withpaper ones， e-books is cheaper and more convenient.
9.被动语态：
Strong/ effective measures must be taken to……
From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……
从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……
10.The +比较级+主谓，the +比较级+主谓。越……,越…….
The more carefulyou are, the less mistakes you will make.
11.虚拟语气（详见虚拟语气教案）
此外适当加一些不关痛痒的插入语：一些连词、副词可以放到句子中间充当语气较弱的插入语，如I guess、however、in a way、certainly、in my opinion、probably、briefly, generally speaking, believe it ornot, besides, what’s more等，有时可以考虑几个插入语连用，就更像英美人士的文章了。
相关过渡语
1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…
2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, onthe left, on one side…
3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, onthe other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore,thus…
5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse,moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…
6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on thewhole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude…
