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目前我们高考英语中的should have done的含义通常为本应该做（但实际上并没有做，且含有责备、批评的语气）与shouldn’t have done s本不应该做（但实际上已经做了，且含有责备、批评的意味）这两种含义。 但事实上，should have done还有几种别的含义，相关例句陈列以下，请指教。 第1种含义：本应该做而实际上并没有做某事（含有批评、责备的含义） 第2种含义：表示过去的“虚拟语气” 第3种含义：表示现在应该已经做某事 第4种含义：表示将来应该做某事 第5种含义：表示吃惊“竟然、居然”做过某事 第6种含义：表示“你真该、真应当”做某事 第7种含义：本应该做而实际上并没有做某事（并不含有批评、责备的含义） 以下例句分述。 第1种含义：本应该做而实际上并没有做某事（含有批评、责备的含义） 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1914页should词条 I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have lost my temper. 对不起，我不该发脾气。 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1914页should词条1 should: used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing sb’s actions（尤用于纠正别人）应该，应当 He should have been more careful. 他应当更小心点儿才是。 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1407页should词条 1a (expressing duty or what is necessary or desirable) （表示有义务或有必要）ought to应该： He shouldn’t have/oughtn’t to have said that. (= he said it but it was bad to do so) 他本不该那样说的。 《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1929页should词条1c should have (done sth) : used for saying what was the right thing to do when you realize that someone did not do it; ought to本来该（做某事） I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have interrupted. 对不起，我本不该干预的。 You should have taken my advice. 你本该接受我的建议的。 He didn’t make reservations, but he should have. 他没有预约，他本该预约的。 《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2439页should词条3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示与说话者的意愿相反）本应 You should have done that yesterday you idiot! 你本该昨天把它做完的，你这个白痴！ 《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》第1799页should词条8.4 should have done: when you realize that you or someone else has made a mistake and you are suggesting how it could have been avoided. （建议如何避免已犯的错误）本该 I should have bought a bigger chicken. 我本来该买一只大一点儿的鸡。 You should have thought about that before you invited her. 在你邀请她之前就该想到那一点。 I shouldn’t have trusted that man. 我本来就不该信任那个人。 第2种含义：表示过去的“虚拟语气” 《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第2047页should词条 It’s very kind of you, but you really shouldn’t have bothered. 你真是太好了，但你真的不必这么费心的。 《牛津英汉双解大词典.插图版》第941页should词条3a: expressing the conditional mood in the 1st person（用于第一人称的条件句）会： I should have been killed if I had gone. 如果我去了，可能已经没命了。 《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1929页should词条7 should（用于虚拟语气） If we had stayed any longer, we should have missed the train. 要是我们再多呆一会儿，我们就赶不上火车了。 《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》第1799页should词条8.3 should have done: to say that something would have happened under certain conditions or circumstances; used especially in formal English. 【正式】将会，一定会 I thought it was best just to go, otherwise we should have been there all day. 我想当时幸亏走掉，否则我们会在那儿呆一整天。 《文馨当代英汉词典》第1671页should词条3 should（假设的结果主句中，should随人称所发生的意义上的变化悉同shall） a)（should表单纯将来） If it had not been for your advice, I should have failed in the business. 假使没有你的忠告，我的生意就失败了。 《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2439页should词条3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示与说话者的意愿相反）本应 I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill. 今天早晨我本应该走的，但是我觉得有点不舒服。 I should have been in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldn’t have got burned. 我本应该像其他旅游者一样呆在阴凉处的，那么我就不会晒伤了。 第3种含义：表示现在应该已经做某事 《牛津英汉双解大词典.插图版》第941页should词条2a: to express a duty, obligation, or likelihood（表示责任、义务或可能性）应当，应该 They should have arrived by now. 他们这会儿该到了。 《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1929页should词条2 should: used when you have strong reasons for believing or expecting something; ought to可能，应该（用于对某事的预测或推断极有根据时） They should have got home by now. 现在他们应该已经到家了。 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1830页probability 或然性 They should have /ought to have received our letter by now. (= I expect they have) 他们现在该收到我们的信了（我估计他们已收到了）。 《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1929页should词条 should have后接过去分词可以用来表示没有发生或很可能已经发生的动作： The meeting should have finished by now (= it is likely it has ended). 会议现在应该已经结束了。 《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》第1799页should词条8.2 should have done: to say that it is likely that something has happened by now or will happen before some time in the future. 大概；已经 Dear Mom, you should have heard by now that I’m O. K. 亲爱的妈妈，这会儿你大概已听说我没事了吧。 第4种含义：表示将来应该做某事 《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2439页should词条4 （表示预期或可能性）应该会，可能 We should have finished by a quarter past two and the bus doesn’t leave till half past. 两点一刻时我们应该就完成了，而公共汽车要到两点半才开。 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1914页should词条3 should: used to say that you expect sth is true or will happen （表示预期）应该会，可能 I should have finished the book by Friday. 到星期五我应该能读完那本书。 第5种含义：表示吃惊“竟然、居然”做过某事 《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第2047页should词条 should: used after ‘that’ and adjectives or nouns that show an opinion or feeling（用于that和表示观点或感情的形容词或名词之后）竟然 It’s odd that she should think I would want to see her again. 真是怪事，她竟然会认为我还想再见到她。 It’s so unfair that she should have died so young. 她年纪轻轻就去世了，真是不公平。 第6种含义：表示“你真该、真应当”做某事 《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第2047页should词条 you should have seen/heard sth/sb: seeing or hearing something or someone would have interested or amused you very much你真该看看/听听： You should have seen her—she was furious! 你真该看看她当时的模样——她大发脾气！ 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1408页should词条7 should have thought（用于表示惊讶或烦恼的陈述中，正式，尤英）：以为 Twenty degrees? I should have thought it was colder than that. 二十度？我还以为气温比这低呢。 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1914页should词条14 should: used to tell sb that sth would amuse or surprise them if they saw or experienced it（表示假如对方可见或经历某事物，一定会感兴趣或吃惊）真该，真应当 You should have seen her face when she found out! 你真该看看她发现事情真相时脸上的表情！ 《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》第1799页should词条6 should（表示惊讶、有趣等）你实在该，你真该，你没有…实在可惜 You should hear the way she talks to me. 你真该听听她对我说话的那种腔调。 You should have seen it. 你没有看见那场面实在可惜。 《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2440页should词条11 You use should in expressions such as You should have seen us and You should have heard him to emphasize how funny, shocking, or impressive something that you experienced was. （强调所经历的事有趣、令人震惊等）实在该，真该，真应当（口语） You should have heard him last night! 昨晚你真该听听他所说的。 You should have seen him when he first came out—it was so bad. 你真应该看看他第一次出现时的样子，真让人难过。 He started crying and I cried too. You should have seen us. 他哭了起来，我也哭了，你真该看看我俩的样子。 第7种含义：本应该做而实际上并没有做某事（并不含有批评、责备的含义） 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1830页desirability可能性，应当，应该 The farmers should have/ought to have been consulted. (but they were not consulted) 本该找农场主们商量商量的（但没有商量）。 《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1929页should词条 should have后接过去分词可以用来表示没有发生或很可能已经发生的动作： I should have brought an umbrella (= I did not bring one). 我本来应该带把伞的。 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1914页should词条1 should: used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing sb’s actions（尤用于纠正别人）应该，应当 A present for me? You shouldn’t have! 给我的礼物？您太客气了！ 《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第2047页should词条 I should have written to her but I haven’t had time. 我本应该给她写信，可是没有时间。 It’s very kind of you, but you really shouldn’t have bothered. 你真是太好了，但你真的不必这么费心的。 《文馨当代英汉词典》第1671页should词条1 should（表义务、责任）应该，应当，理应（意义比ought to或must弱，所表达的劝告常多于义务） You should have seen the movie. 你本来应当去看这部电影（要是看了就好了）。 You shouldn’t have done that. 你本不该做出那种事。 should have + p.p.表示该做而未做 shouldn’t have + p.p.则表示不该做但已做了 《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2439页should词条3 If you say that something should have happened, you mean that it did not happen, but that you wish it had. If you say that something should not have happened, you mean that it did happen, but that you wish it had not. （表示与说话者的意愿相反）本应 I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill. 今天早晨我本应该走的，但是我觉得有点不舒服。 You should have written to the area manager again. 你本应该再给地区经理写封信的。 《COBUILD柯林斯英汉双解词典》第1799页should词条8.1 to say that something was expected or intended to happen but did not happen. should have done本应该 Muskie should have won by a huge margin. 马斯基本该以大比数获选的。 Yesterday should have been the start of the soccer season. 昨天本该是足球赛季的开始日。 就目前的高考英语考试而言，还是记住should have done sth本应该做某事（但实际上并没有做，且含有责备、批评的语气）与shouldn’t have done sth本不应该做某事（但实际上已经做了，且含有责备、批评的意味）这两种含义即可。 对于平时的高中的模拟考试多记一个：should have done sth含有“惊讶、吃惊”的语气，可译为“竟然、居然”的汉语语义。 2016年9月19日记（欢迎补充添加，谢谢指正、批评，共同进步） |
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