何为非谓语动词? 非谓语动词就是不含时间信息的动词,分为:动词不定态to do;动词进行态doing;动词完成态done;动词一般态do. 即4态非谓语。 何为非谓语动词短语? 非谓语动词短语就是给非谓语动词加上了主语、宾语等信息的类似语句子的成分, 如: For me to do this. 主语 非谓语 宾语 Wintercoming, it gets colder and colder. 主语 非谓语 非谓语动词因为不含时间信息,所以其不能作为句子的谓语动词。非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系为:谓语动词 = 时间助动词 + 非谓语动词 示例:Iam eatingfish. 其中am eating是谓语动词,am是时间助动词,eating非谓语动词进行态 非谓语动词的内涵是有“态”无“时”,非谓语动词常见的”三态“起源——动词不定态(to + V)、动词进行态(V+ing)、动词完成态(V+ed 形式)。 上图从左到右依次为: 1,不定态(to do)表达了动作即将发生的状态,作主语时往往表示普通的一般的行为,常用it做形式主语,真正不定式做主语放句尾。2. 进行态(doing)表达了动作的发生且可感知的延续,作主语的时候,表示某次具体的行为。3. 完成态(done)表达了动作的结束。从这里可以看出三大非谓语动词其实就是动作的三个阶段——出生、存续、结束。例如,Collecting information about children's heal this his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 所谓「谓语动词」,就是16种时态的形式,而这些非谓语动词因为弄残了be动词,所以不再是完整的谓语动词的形式。 1、通过变形表现“时态”(不完整时态形式,也能表现相对的时间和状态)2、通过变形表示“语态”(即主动、被动) 一,非谓语动词作主语(重点) 动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作主语。
It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. Playing the piano is my hobby. 注意:it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing..., It is useful doing..., It is a waste of time doing...等句型里。 二、非谓语动词作宾语 动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语,但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语,如果作介词宾语,不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。重点注意只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。 三、非谓语动词作表语 动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词可以作表语。
My wish is to be a scientist. The reason he gave was very convincing. 四、非谓语动词作补足语 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词可以作补足语。
例如,The mother urged the little boy to go to bed. I caught him reading my private letters. He went home happily with his homework finished. 表示“看”(look at, notice, observe, see, watch),“听”(listen to, hear),“感觉”(feel)意义的动词和使役动词make, let在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to。 五、非谓语动词作定语 动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词可以作定语。非谓语动词的三种被动形式作后置定语: The meeting to be held tomorrow表将来 The house built years ago表过去和完成 The meat being cooked now表进行
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 六、非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词可以作状语。不定式作结果状语常表示“出乎意料”的结果,而现在分词作结果状语常表示“自然而然”的结果。此外,不定式还可作目的、原因状语等;现在分词还可表示时间、原因、伴随等情况;过去分词还可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. The plane crashed, killing all the people on board. Encouraged by his teacher, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 七、独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,若不一致,则非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。 The students seating themselves, the professor began his lecture. Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the road clearly. |
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