7月男婴,主因“发热2天”入院。热峰40℃,伴小便色黄,味重,次数4-5次/天。血常规:白细胞 12.83×10^9/L,中性为主,CRP 44mg/L;尿液分析:尿蛋白1+,亚硝酸盐2+,白细胞500/ul,镜检白细胞18-20/HP,查泌尿系超声示左肾盂饱满--轻度积水;左侧输尿管间断显示,轻宽,未见明显充盈,诊断泌尿系感染。 时间:2018年01月22日 主讲人:张越住院医生 参加人员:感染内科全体医护 泌尿系感染
双语导读 主持人:冯文雅 (感谢陈昊泽老师录制的单词和段落导读,跟着陈老师一起大声朗读吧!) 本周新词 Pseudomonas [,psju:dəu'mɔnæs] 假单胞菌 pyelonephritis [,paɪələʊnɪ'fraɪtɪs] 肾盂肾炎 stranguria 小便涩痛 haematuria [,hi:mə'tjuəriə] 血尿 Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in childhood, caused by microbes including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Most infections are caused by Escherichia coli, although in the first year of life Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp, and Pseudomonas are more frequent than later in life, and there is a higher risk of urosepsis compared with adulthood. Fever may be the only symptom of UTI, especially in young children. Newborns and infants with pyelonephritis or urosepsis can present with nonspecific symptoms (failure to thrive, jaundice, vomiting, hyperexcitability, lethargy, hypothermia, and sometimes without fever). In older children, lower urinary tract symptoms include dysuria, stranguria, frequency, urgency, malodorous urine, incontinence, haematuria, and for the upper urinary tract, fever and flank pain. Before any antibiotic therapy is started, a urine specimen should be obtained for urinalysis and urine culture. The choice of medication and length of treatment should depend on the child’s history and the type of pathogen causing the infection. 参考译文: 泌尿系感染(UTI)是儿童最常见的感染性疾病之一,可由真菌、病毒和细菌感染后引起。尽管1岁以内肺炎克雷伯菌、肠杆菌属、肠球菌属和假单胞菌感染较1岁以后多见,但大肠埃希菌仍是泌尿系感染最常见的病原,而且儿童尿脓毒血症较成人更常见。发热可能是UTI的唯一症状,特别是婴幼儿。新生儿或婴儿肾盂肾炎或尿脓毒血症可能表现为非特异症状(生长发育迟缓、黄疸、呕吐、过度兴奋、昏睡、低体温,有时无发热)。年长儿童可出现下尿路症状包括排尿困难、小便涩痛、尿频、尿急、恶臭味尿、尿失禁、血尿,以及上尿路症状即发热和腰部疼痛。在开始抗生素治疗前需留取尿标本进行尿液分析和培养。药物的选择和疗程需依据患儿病史和病原进行决策。 主要参考文献: [1] 郭彩芬等.泌尿系感染研究若干新进展.中国感染控制杂志,2017年16卷10期:976-980. [2] 胡亚美, 江载芳. 诸福棠实用儿科学[M]. 人民卫生出版社, 2015. [3] 管娜.欧洲2015 年儿童泌尿系感染诊治指南解读.中华实用儿科临床杂志2016 年3 月第31 卷第5 期:337-340. [4] 中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏学组.泌尿道感染诊治循证指南(2016). 中华儿科杂志2017 年12月第55 卷第12期:898-901. [5] SteinR, Dogan H S, Hoebeke P, et al. Urinary tract infections in children: EAU/ESPUguidelines[J]. European Urology, 2015, 67(3):546-558. [6] Floresmireles A L, Walker J N, Caparon M, et al. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015, 13(5):269. 本期审阅:陈天明 本期编辑:冯文雅
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