干针也来搞事情？预防伤病新选择

积极发声：干针疗法是提升肌肉力量和柔韧性

来预防伤病的选择吗?

Although muscle injuries are the most common reason for presentation to a sports medical specialist and the most common time-loss injury in professional sports, scientific evidence for prevention or treatment of muscle injuries is still scarce. Some of the risk factors for muscle injuries — tightness of muscles, previous muscle injury, strength imbalances and reduced flexibility — are linked to myofascial trigger points (TrPs). TrPs are hyperirritable points located within a taut band of skeletal muscle or fascia. A method for targeting myofascial trigger points, which has been effective in managing myofascial pain syndromes, is called dry needling. Dry needling is an intervention that involves the insertion of an acupuncture needle into a myofascial trigger point which elicits a local twitch response. 

尽管肌损伤是见队医最常见的原因同时也是职业运动中最耽误时间的伤病，肌损伤预防和治疗的科学证据依然很少。一些肌损伤的风险因素—肌肉过紧、早期伤病史、力量不平衡和柔韧性下降—都与肌筋膜出发点（TrPs)有关。肌筋膜触发点是骨骼肌肌肉能够激惹疼痛的某一特定位置，这个位置通常可以摸到一个疼痛结节和绷紧肌纤维痉挛带，触压时有疼痛加重和局部肌肉颤搐以及可能引起的远处牵涉痛。一个有效针对肌筋膜触发点的靶向疗法叫做干针疗法。干针疗法是指不使用任何药物或注射用水，而只是应用注射器针头，对触发点进行针刺的方法。

Although muscle injuries are the most common reason for presentation to a sports medical specialist and the most common time-loss injury in professional sports, scientific evidence for prevention or treatment of muscle injuries is still scarce. Some of the risk factors for muscle injuries — tightness of muscles, previous muscle injury, strength imbalances and reduced flexibility — are linked to myofascial trigger points (TrPs). TrPs are hyperirritable points located within a taut band of skeletal muscle or fascia. A method for targeting myofascial trigger points, which has been effective in managing myofascial pain syndromes, is called dry needling. Dry needling is an intervention that involves the insertion of an acupuncture needle into a myofascial trigger point which elicits a local twitch response (more on TrPs). 

尽管肌损伤是见队医最常见的原因，也是职业运动中最耽误时间的伤病，肌损伤预防和治疗的科学证据依然很少。一些肌损伤的风险因素—肌肉过紧、早期伤病史、力量不平衡和柔韧性下降—都与肌筋膜出发点（TrPs)有关。肌筋膜触发点是骨骼肌肌肉能够激惹疼痛的某一特定位置，这个位置通常可以摸到一个疼痛结节和绷紧肌纤维痉挛带，触压时有疼痛加重和局部肌肉颤搐以及可能引起的远处牵涉痛。一个有效针对肌筋膜触发点的靶向疗法叫做干针疗法。干针疗法是指不使用任何药物或注射用水，而只是应用注射器针头，对触发点进行针刺的方法。

 

In our randomized controlled trial involving 30 elite youth soccer players, as published in the February 2017 issue of MSSE, we investigated the effects of four weekly sessions of dry needling plus water/pressure/massage on thigh muscle force and range of motion for hip flexion. The experimental group receiving placebo-LASER plus water/pressure/massage, a second group received placebo laser with water/pressure/massage and the third group had no intervention. Data was collected at baseline, treatment end and at a four-week follow-up. A five-month muscle injury follow-up also was performed. 

 

我们的随机对照实验包括30位精英足球运动员，正如MSSE杂志2017年2月刊发表的文章所呈现，我们进行了四周疗程的干针疗法配合水疗/压力疗法/按摩疗法对大腿肌肉力量和屈髋关节活动度的影响的调查。实验组接受了安慰剂-“激光针”（干针）配合水疗/压力疗法/按摩疗法，第二个组接受了安慰剂激光针配合水疗/压力疗法/按摩疗法，第三个组没有干预手段。我们在实验初始阶段、治疗结束阶段进行数据收集,并进行了为期四周的跟踪调查。同时我们进行了一个为期五个月的肌损伤跟踪调查。

 

The dry needling group showed a significant improvement in muscular endurance and hip flexion range-of-motion that persisted at the four-week follow-up. Also, compared to placebo, the experimental group showed significant improvement in hip flexion that persisted at four weeks post-treatment. Finally, compared to non-intervention control, the dry needling treatment group showed significantly higher maximum knee extensor forces when tested at four weeks post-treatment. Thus, dry needling can be an interesting and promising option for professional athletes who are aiming to improve muscular flexibility and muscular force. 

 

四周的跟踪调查显示，干针疗法组的肌肉耐力和屈髋关节活动度显著提高。同样，与安慰组对比，实验组在治疗过后也表现出了肌肉耐力和屈髋关节活动度的显著提高。最后，与非干预组进行对比，干针治疗组在治疗后表现出来的最大膝伸肌力量显著提高。因此，干针疗法可以成为提升职业运动员肌肉柔韧性和肌肉力量值得关注的、疗效可观的选择。

Evidence-based strategies for preventing muscle injuries include injury prevention exercise programs, especially if these include the Nordic hamstring exercise. In addition to our study’s findings, further options aimed at addressing injury risk factors include ice baths and wearing compression garments

 

预防肌损伤的循证策略包括训练方案，尤其是包括诺丁汉训练。除了我们的研究发现，降低损伤风险因素更多的选择包括冰浴和穿着压缩装备。

 

 

Florian Pfab, M.D., is a board-certified specialist in dermatology, sports medicine and acupuncture and holds the rank of professor at the Technische Universität in Munich, Germany. He is the medical director of the German Bundesliga soccer team FC Ingolstadt, which currently leads the German Bundesliga in statistics for least time-loss due to injuries (seewww.fussballverletzungen.com). He also is a consulting physician for several other professional German and international sports teams. 

This commentary presents Dr. Pfab’s views on the topic of a research article which he and other colleagues had published in the February 2017 issue ofMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise®.