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Learning aims: 1. 关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句 2. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 1. 关系副词引导定语从句 在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when, where和why. 1）when 在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。 I can’t forget the night when I came to the farm. 翻译：__________________________________________________ 2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地点的名词 situation, case, condition, point等表示抽象意义的名词。 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 翻译：____________________________________________________ The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 翻译：____________________________________________________ 3) why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason. That is the reason why I did so. 翻译：___________________________ I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 翻译：_____________________________________________________ 【注意】 1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when, where 或why;若定语从句中不缺状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或 that引导定语从句。 I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together. I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together. Do you know the reason ______he failed in the exam this time? The reason _____he gave me was reasonable. 2) when, where, why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。 A. when相当于at/in/on/during等+which. The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984. 翻译： B. where相当于at/in/on/等+which The house in which he lived is a library now. 翻译： C. why相当于for+which. Is that the reason for which he was absent from class? 翻译： 2. 介词+关系代词（which, whom）引导的定语从句 1) 介词+which 在定语从句中充当时间，地点，原因状语，相当于when, where, why.(上边已经讲述) 2) 介词+which/whom, 关系代词作介词的宾语，这是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。which指物，whom指人。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键, 可根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选择介词。也可根据从句的相关动词来选用。 This is the professor from whom I have learnt a lot. 翻译： Have you see the pen with which I write my homework. 翻译： In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 翻译： 【注意】在日常英语中通常把介词放在从句的句末，省略关系词which/whom This is the professor (whom/that) I have learned a lot from. This is the camera (which/that) he often takes photos with. 【学法点拨】 1）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选取必须遵循“一先；二动；三意义”的原则。即： a.根据先行词的搭配而定； b.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配而定； c.根据整句话的意义而定。 2)介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择应注意几个问题： a.有的介词时定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，用什么介词由从句的动词决定。 He is the boy who / whom I was talking to. =He is the boy to whom I was talking. 翻译： b.有的介词是根据句意添加上去的，即用什么介词由先行词决定。 He employed 30 men, of whom 12 were from his hometown. 翻译： c.定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不拆开。 The baby who/whom my sister takes care of is very lovely. 翻译： 【误区警示】：当定语从句的动词和介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系介词之前。 当堂检测 1. — We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract. —Thanks. Hope for further cooperation. A．as B．which C．where D.what 2. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. A. where B. which C. why D. when 3. There are moments_______ we remember our childhood days with fondness, embarrassment, regret or mixed feelings. A. when B. that C. which D. Where 4. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you. A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which 5. -----How about your job-hunting？ -----No luck．Now，I’ve reached the stage ________I don’t care what I do． A. which B．where C．when D. that 6. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years. A. which B. when C. where D. that 7. I can think of many cases ________the media have a strong effect on young men. A. why B. where C. as D. which 8. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___ she needed to decide what to do A. that B. what C. which D. where 9. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart. A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which 10.Lisa, I guess we’d better fix a navigational（导航仪）to the car_____ we can find our way easily. A. which B.that C.from which D.with which 11. In English class, our teacher often creates an environment ______we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves. A. when B.which C.where D. that 12. A turning point for the continuously high housing price won’t appear suddenly because there must be a certain process______ many factors lead to the change. A. which B. what C. where D. that 13. We have spotted the location, ______we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang. A. that B. what C. which D.where 14. ---When did the young man save you? ----January 1st, 2000, the first day of the new century, _______I can never forget. A.when B which C.that D.where 15. I've read all the books _______you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that 16. There isn't much _______I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how 17. Tell us about the people and the places _______are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom 18. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 19. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _______a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where 20.Is this the museum_______ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 21.I began to work in Beijing in the year _______New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where 22. There is no difficulty _______can't be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what 23. Who is the person _______is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 定语从句学案答案 1.1） 我不能忘记我来农场的那晚。 2）我父亲工作的工厂在城市西部。 这个国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 3）这是我这么做的原因。 我不知道他昨天为什么没来学校。 【注意】 1）when; which; why; why 2)A. 他入党的日期是1984年7月1日。 B．他住过的那栋房子现在是图书馆了。 C．那就是他旷课的原因吗？ 当堂检测 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D9.D 10. D 11.c 12.c 13.c 14 B 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.A 21 A 22 A 23 B |
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