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中 考 被 动 语 态 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态相当于汉语语法中的 句 即：把字句e,g：我吃了两个苹果① 被动语态相当于汉语语法中的 句 即：被字句e,g：两个苹果被我吃了② 从①可以看出主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 谓语： “吃”的动作是由主语“我”来执行的。 从②可以看出被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 主语“两个苹果”是动词“吃”的承受者。 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 将上边两个例子翻译成英文则为：① I ate 2 apples ② 如何把第一个例子转化为第二个例子则是我们同学得以噢哪个是考点！下面我们就通过回答这个问题来学习被动语态： 从汉语的变化过程我们不难看出将主动语态变为被动语态 第一步 判断 无宾语的动词则不可以变为被动语态，像“主语+系动词+表语”和“主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语”便无法变为被动语态，中考考察典型动词take place ,happen,change等e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better 第二步：主语和宾语位置调换（这一步必须注意主语和宾语之间格的变化） 针对①则是：2 apples 不变，而I 则变为me 由前面可知，被动语态是的主语是动作的承受者，我们暂且认为谓语动作是通过宾语完成的，即宾语相当于方式，并由九年级Unit 1得知by表示方式，所以第一步完成之后怎为则是： 主语+谓语+（ by+宾语）。 第二步：（关键的一步）规定被动语态的谓语部分结构为'助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词' 构成. 这一步要注意，句子要兼顾到时态和语态这里本人运用的是“置换法”即 A：用be去替换援助动语态中的实意动词原型。要求be既要满足原主动语态对动词要求的形式必要时也要满足新主语的数. B：将换出的动词原型变为过去分词放在变化了的be后面（这里就要求大家牢记并熟练掌握不规则动词过去式和过去分词表） e,g,I ate 2 apples 用be替换原句中的动词原型eat，由于原句要求动词为现在式（即原型或单三），所以be 要变为am /is/ are,而新的主语2 apples要求谓动为复数，则be 变为are, 再将替换出的动词原型eat变为过去分词eaten ,放在are 后，结合第一步就是： 2 apples are eaten by me 这一步，若原句中，已有助/be/情则根据实际情况而定 e,g, I am eating an 2 apples---2 apples are(am所变) being eatenby me 通过上面两步的介绍，将一个简单的句子变为被动语态就不难了，我们可以小试牛刀： 1.I buy a cup of milk every morning . 2.He sells books every day 3.My mother drank 2 glasses of water yesterday等等 上面只是我们将一般简单的句子变为被动语态。也是最基础的东西，下面我们来看看被动语态的应试考点： 考点一：make/let sb. do sth see/hear sb. do sth等由省略了to 的不定式做宾语补足语的情况，在编被动语态食物必将to还原 e,g , 1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday ----The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2 .Mother never lets mewatch TV .---------I am never let to watch TV by mother. 考点二：give/lend sb sth等含有双宾语的动词在变化时，要注意两个宾语都可以变化，当“作新主语时，按照步骤变化；当“物”作新主语时，则需要在“人前加上”to或for e,g Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. (1)A Christmas present was given to Peterby Jack just now. (2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 考点三：情态动词的被动语态（九年级Unit3）,由于情态动词后边要求动词原型，因而，be永远为be,所以其结构为'情态动词＋be＋过去分词'构成（原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后'to'仍要保留。） e,g We can repair this watch in two days.------This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once.-------It should be done at once. 考点四：由第一步得知无宾语的动词则不可以变为被动语态，像“主语+系动词+表语”和“主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语”便无法变为被动语态，中考考察典型动词take place ,happen,change等 e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better 主动语态变被动语态的方法Bill口诀： 被动语态妙 无宾不能要 主宾打颠倒 格变不能少 介宾可不要 助be往出跳 去把动原叫 时语兼顾到 人、数把主照 若是有助动 助be则不照 动原过分现 变be后边站 这是基本变 考点往下看 双宾均可变 人变顺序变 物变to /for现 复宾补不变 对于省to案 还原to 来办 含情语态变 不必be来换 情后be +p.p站 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 e,g：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 e,g：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 初中英语被动语态练习题： 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now． 3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far． 5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well. 15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone __________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分） 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态) It ______ ________ ________ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match. The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow. 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分） ①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________ |
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