前几期介绍了英语语法:动名词的结构、名词作主语表语宾语、动名词作宾语的注意点、动名词作宾补和状语、动名词和现在分词的用法有什么区别、-ing式作定语、-ing式的时态。这一期学习英语语法:-ing式的语态。 -ing式的语态 大多数时候,-ing式使用主动语态形式,少数时候使用被动语态形式。 (1)当-ing式前面没有his, him之类物主代词或者名词所有格作它的逻辑主语时,-ing式被动语态的逻辑主语一般就是该句的主语。 Jack avoided speaking rudely. 杰克避免讲话粗鲁。 (speaking的逻辑主语就是句子的主语Jack) Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down. 站了2个小时,她想坐下了。 (Having stood的逻辑主语就是句子主语she) She sat on the sofa watching TV. 她坐在沙发上看电视。 (watching TV的逻辑主语是句子的主语she) (2)-ing式的逻辑主语是这个-ing式动作的承受者时,-ing式要用被动语态形式。 Everyone enjoys being praised. 每个人都喜欢受表扬。 (Everyone是praised的承受者) The man was lying on the couch being examined. 那人躺在床上接受检查。 (The man是examined的承受者) I found him being criticized by his father. 我发现他正受父亲的批评。 (him是criticised的承受者) Their being awarded encourages everyone else. 他们所受的奖励鼓励着所有其他人。 (Their=Them是awarded的承受者) 注意: 当主语是物体,谓语是need, want, require, deserve时,作宾语的-ing式用主动式代替被动式,因为被动式稍嫌啰嗦。 The TV set needs repairing now. 这电视机需要修理了。 =The TV set needs being repaired now. The walls wants to be whitewashing. 墙壁需要粉刷了。 = The walls wants to be whitewashed. The food requires to be heating. 这个食品需要加热。 = The food requires to be heated. 此外,形容词worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被动式,而worthy后面则要用不定式的被动语态,或者of加-ing式的被动语态。 This movie is worth seeing. 这电影值得看。 = This movie is worth to be seen. This computer is worthy buying. 这台电脑值得买。 =This computer is worthy to be bought. = This computer is worthy of being bought 感谢阅读! |
|