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凌老师，PEP五年级上Unit 6 In a nature park里面的house和building，怎么跟孩子说，比较恰当？现在我们这里的农村的房子算house还是building呢？？谢谢！ 您好！ house和building的含义的确有点复杂。 house在《朗文当代英语词典》中的主要解释有5大条： 1 WHERE SOMEONE LIVES [countable] a) a building that someone lives in, especially one that has more than one level and is intended to be used by one family b) the house: all the people who live in a house 2 BUILDING a) opera/court/movie etc house: a large public building used for a particular purpose b) House British: (English) used in the names of large buildings, especially offices c) hen house/coach house/storehouse etc a building used for a particular purpose 3 GOVERNMENT [countable] a group of people who make the laws of a country 4 COMPANY [countable] a company, especially one involved in a particular area of business 5 THEATRE [countable] a) the part of a theatre, cinema etc where people sit b) the people who have come to watch a performance building在《朗文当代英语词典》中的主要解释很简单： [countable] a structure such as a house, church, or factory, that has a roof and walls 《Collins英语词典》中解释是类似的： building: A building is a structure that has a roof and walls, for example a house or a factory. house: 1. A house is a building in which people live, usually the people belonging to one family. 2. You can refer to all the people who live together in a house as the house. 3. House is used in the names of types of places where people go to eat and drink. 4. House is used in the names of types of companies, especially ones which publish books, lend money, or design clothes. 5. House is sometimes used in the names of office buildings and large private homes or expensive houses. 6. You can refer to the two main bodies of Britain's parliament and the United States of America's legislature as the House or a House. 7. You can refer to all the people at a debate as the house. 8. In a British school, a house is a group of children of different ages who compete against other groups in sports and other activities. Each house usually has a name. 9. A house is a family which has been or will be important for many generations, especially the family of a king or queen. 10. The house is the part of a theatre, cinema, or other place of entertainment where the audience sits. You can also refer to the audience at a particular performance as the house. 从两本词典的定义，我们可以看到，structure > building > house 这样一来，需要纠正一个错误概念：house是平房，building是楼房。 如果您再回顾一下两本词典中的释义，就会发现本质区别了： house是人类居住、活动的一个building，也就是有“人情味”；而使用“building”的时候，头脑中就不会与“人类活动”进行直接关联，更多的是强调与其他类别的事物的区别，比如“山脚下有一条清澈的河流。河边有一些建筑物”。 但是，对于小学生来说，我们并不需要过于复杂化。 有时候，概念模糊是正常的现象。 1. 同义模糊 您有没有跟您的学生说过：mother比mom要更加正式？估计很多老师没有说过，所以学生觉得mother=mom，但是在语用范围上模糊了。 2. 层级模糊 bear和panda，在小学阶段是“两种不同的动物”。甚至教材编者都没有意识到，以至于教材中出现了“panda不是bear”的错误。换言之，我们可以说：Zoom is a bear, but he is not a panda.但是不可以说：The panda is not a bear. 再扩大一下学科范围，在小学低年级，数学运算2-1=1是可以的，但是却无法运算1-2。并不是说小学生不能运算1-2就是错的啊！ 同样道理，在小学阶段，教学building用楼房，教学house用平房或两层的楼房，是正确的做法。为什么呢？因为抓住了关键的区分点：one family。 等孩子继续学习，到中学或者大学的时候，语义范围和语用范围自然会逐渐扩大的。 现在农村的房子，通常是一户人家或者两家合住的，通常我们可以称之为house。当然，如果你是站在“建筑师、泥瓦匠”的角度来说，就可以说是building了。 最后，让我们搜一下house和building的图片吧。 pictures of houses buildings 这两张图，也基本代表了大众对house和building的认知啦。 问：凌哥，为什么你没有在公众号回答我的提问？ 问：如何才能提高被回答的概率？ 答：建议您使用“在行一点”。在那儿，还可选择“私密提问”。 问：为什么“在行一点”里面无法提问了？ 答：“在行一点”规定答主每天只能接收3个提问。机会有限，要抢哦！ |
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