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【高考英语】名词性从句内训讲义

 苗爸英语启蒙 2020-09-09

名词性从句是高考英语的难点和重点,在完形填空、语法填空和改错题中的占的比重较大。重要的语法专题需要反复学习体会,同时通过历年真题训练,掌握出题规律,总结解题技巧。

软实力英语从辨析的角度,为你分享名词性从句的易错点和高频考点,使你的英语学习更加轻松容易。

一、定义:在复合句中相当于一个名词,做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。

二、引导词1. 连词:that , if, whether, as if

            2. 连接代词:who , what, which, whose, whom 以及wh+ever

            3. 连接副词:when, where, why, because, how 

三、引导词的作用连词只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当句子成分。

                  2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当

定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语

四、名词性从句的共同特点:

1、从句用陈述句语序

2、从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时常用what来引导

3、句意结构完整时用that来引导

五、名词性从句的注意点

(一) 主语从句

结构:1).主语从句 引导词+主语+谓语…) + (主句)谓语+

      2) It + is / was + 表语(adj. / n./ V-ed + that等 主语 谓语

      3) It + seems / happens that + 主语 谓语 

1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数。

2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语而将主语从句放于句尾。

3.主语从句句义完整时由that引导,that不作句子成分,但是不能省略。

4.Wh引导的从句引导词放于句首,从句用陈述句语序。

5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether, It做形式主语之后,主语从句放于句尾时whetherif均可以。

That he likes such kind of books is very interesting. 他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。

What he is looking for is none of your business.  他在找什么与你无关。

It seems that something is wrong with the computer.  这台电脑似乎出了问题。

(宾语从句

结构:1)主语 谓语 +宾语从句

      2)介词 宾语从句

      3)主语 谓语 + it + adi. / n.等 + that +宾语从句

1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:

1)介词宾语从句的that不省略

2and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。

He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.

3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+that宾语从句结构中,that不省略。

I heard it said that he had gone abroad. 我听说他出国了。

We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time.  

  我们发现他在这么短时间内完成这件事是不可能的。

2.Whether, if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:

1whether从句中有or not

2whether从句做介词宾语:

Everything depends on whether you agree with us

一切取决于你是否同意我们。

3.主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句

带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone。

我们认为他向大家撒谎是错误的。

4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

5.否定转移:I / We + don’t +think / believe / suppose / expect / fancy / imagine + 宾语从句

  I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。

注意:若主句谓语动词为hope, 则从句中的否定词不转移。

  I hope you weren’t ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

(表语从句

结构:主语 + be + 表语从句

句型:The reason is that + 从句

1.表示是否时,表语从句的引导词只用whether,不可用if.

2.that引起表语从句时,通常不省略。但是在口语中也可以省略或用 “” 代替that

The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 

问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。

The reason why he didn't turn up is that his bike broke down.

他没有来的原因是因为他的自行车坏了。

The question is whether it is worth doing. 

问题是这是否值得做。

(同位语从句

结构:1) 基本型:(抽象)名词 + that 等 从句

      2)分隔式:(抽象)名词 状语 谓语 插入语等 + that + 从句

常见名词:idea, fact, information, news, work, suggestion, demand, order

1that引起同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义,但是不可以省略。

2、引起同位语从句表示是否时,只用whether

3、定语从句的先行词(名词或代词)在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分,而同位语从句所补充说明的名词或代词在同位语从句中没有任何语法成分。

Word came that our football team had won the match. 

消息传来,我们的足球队赢了比赛。

五、定语从句与名词性从句辨析

1I don’t know that man who is speaking at the meeting.   定语从句

   I don’t know who is speaking at the meeting.   宾语从句

2. I must thank you for what you have done.   宾语从句

I must thank you for the things that you have done.   定语从句

3. You may choose which you want in these books.   宾语从句

You may choose the book which you want in these books   定语从句

4. He told me the news that our team won.   同位语从句

He told me the news that was very exciting.  定语从句

5. We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school.   同位语从句

We are interested in the news that he told us.   宾语从句

今天的分享到此结束。

祝你周末愉快!

我们下周一再见。

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