一、耻骨联合横切口——Pfannenstiel 入路 图1A 图1B 图1C 二、髂腹股沟入路 图2D 三、骶髂关节前方入路(Avila切口) (1)手术技术:患者取仰卧位,可在患侧骶后放置一软垫,使骨盆倾斜,也可采用“漂浮”体位。皮肤切口起自髂前上棘以远,平行于髂嵴向后延长10~15 cm(图3A))。 图3B 骶髂关节复位后可以用2枚2~3孔钢板固定,两钢板夹角60°左右,骶骨侧只能拧入1枚螺钉(图3C)。 图5A 图6A 七、骶髂关节横切口(Mears- Rubash切口) 适用于双侧骶髂关节脱位或骶骨的纵行粉碎性骨折。 手术技术:患者俯卧,切口起自一侧髂后上棘下1 cm 处始,沿骶骨中部横行至对侧的髂后上棘下1 cm处(图7A)。 图7B 图7C 骨盆骨折多为高能量剧烈创伤,创伤机制复杂,往往有垂直性(坠落伤)、开书样(碾压伤)等暴力,涉及髂骨、耻骨、骶骨、髋臼、骶髂关节和耻骨联合等部位的多发性骨折和脱位。骨盆环稳定性受到严重损害的情况下,如何选择适合的手术入路,重新建立起骨盆环的稳定性, 为最大程度的功能恢复和减少后遗症创造条件,是临床上亟待解决的难题。手术原则既要考虑减少手术创伤,又要顾及骨折复位,特别是关节面的骨折复位,也要考虑骨盆环的稳定性,所以往往需要选择合适的切开入路,才能达到满意的疗效。 参考文献 [1] Polfer CEM, Kluk CMW, Evans MKN, Gordon LWT, Andersen CRC. Subcutaneous Internal-External Fixation for Pelvic Fracture Fixation: A Novel Approach for Open Fracture Fixation: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2012;2(2):e24. doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.K.00100 [2] Ponsen KJ, Joosse P, Schigt A, Goslings JC, Luitse JS. Internal fracture fixation using the Stoppa approach in pelvic ring and acetabular fractures: technical aspects and operative results [published correction appears in J Trauma. 2007 Jun;62(6):1490. Goslings, Carel J [corrected to Goslings, J Carel]]. J Trauma. 2006;61(3):662-667. doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000219693.95873.24 [3] Yuan B, Ren G, Cui Y, et al. Novel Covert-Inferior Pelvic Approach with a Subpubic Plate for Anterior Pelvic Ring Fractures: Preliminary Results [published online ahead of print, 2022 Sep 22]. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;10.2106/JBJS.22.00371. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.00371 [4] Das CP, Acharya MR, Makwana VR. Delayed presentation of complex acetabular fractures: Review of literature on outcome of internal fixations with reference to extended ilio-femoral approach [published correction appears in J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Feb 02;17:282]. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020;11(6):1082-1089. doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.10.038 [5] Guimarães RP, de Góes Ribeiro A, Ulson O, de Ávila RB, Ono NK, Polesello GC. Supra-acetabular fixation and sacroiliac screws for treating unstable pelvic ring injuries: preliminary results from 20 patients. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016;51(2):132-137. Published 2016 Mar 2. doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2016.02.010 [6] Küper MA, Röhm B, Audretsch C, et al. Pararectus approach vs. Stoppa approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures - a comparison of approach-related complications and operative outcome parameters from the German Pelvic Registry. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022;108(4):103275. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103275 [7] Glas PY, Fessy MH, Carret JP, Béjui-Hugues J. Traitement chirurgical des fractures de l'acétabulum: résultats d'une série continue de 60 cas [Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures: outcome in a series of 60 consecutive cases]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2001;87(6):529-538. END |
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