那些年,逃不掉的语法! 又到了一周一度的“周日语法”,今天的内容是同位语从句的讲解,视频内容6分钟,同样一鼓作气,快速解决吧,孩子们! 【视频|教学】 ▼ 【文字|双语 | 教程】 影片来源 文波雅思 ▼
用法 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。 同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。 同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。 名词作同位语 Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday. (在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang') 短语作同位语 I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?” 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
固定用法 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较'固定' 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won. 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。 I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。) He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not. 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
引导词 同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。 that引导 that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。 同位语从句 (注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略) The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 【注意1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. whether引导 (注:if不能引导同位语从句) The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。 其它引导词引导 连接代词what,who,whom,whose,引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语) 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语) 连接副词引导 连接副词when,where,how,why We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
先行词 同位语从句 1.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词。 例如: ①The boy who is playing football is my classmate. 在①句中,加粗部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,是具体名词,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 2.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。 例如: ①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 在①句中,加粗部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;
引导词 定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个: that,when,where,why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。 1.引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。不能省略。 例如: ①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting. 在①句中,加粗部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news。 2.引导词when,where,why 引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成'介词+关系代词'的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成'介词+关系代词'的形式。 例如: ①I will never forget the day when I joined the army. 在①句中,加粗部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式; ③This is the house where I lived two years ago. 在③句中,加粗部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式; ⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting. 在⑤句中,加粗部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式;
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