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编者按 中 文 视 频 若患者患有膀胱过度活动症，医生会推荐进行药物治疗，旨在减轻患者尿急和尿频等症状，同时预防意外事故。有效的药物治疗包括抗毒蕈碱药物或β3受体激动剂。 本动画展示了这些药物在人体内如何发挥作用以及可能发生哪些副作用。膀胱过度活动症简称OAB，临床表现为突发强烈的排尿欲望，且很难主观控制膀胱逼尿肌的收缩，抗毒蕈碱药物或β3受体激动剂等药物治疗，能在不同方面减轻这种肌肉收缩。两种药物均为口服，抗毒蕈碱药物作用于膀胱肌肉的特定部位，从而弱化逼尿肌收缩对大脑发出的信号，进而扩大膀胱容量，减少患者产生尿意的频率，但抗毒蕈碱药物同时会对身体其他部位产生作用，可能会引起副作用，常见副作用包括嘴唇干裂、眼睛干涩以及便秘，可通过控制用药剂量进行缓解。β3受体激动剂对治疗膀胱过度活动症也很有效，但也会引起副作用，β3受体激动剂作用的膀胱肌肉与抗毒蕈碱药物不同，可帮助膀胱肌肉放松，停止收缩，从而扩大膀胱容量，减少患者产生尿意的频率，在使用β3受体激动剂进行药物治疗之前，患者需先测量血压。 抗毒蕈碱药物或β3受体激动剂等药物治疗，可能会影响患者的身体状况，例如产生过敏症状，这些药物也可能与其他药物发生相互作用，患者需向医生详细询问可能发生的药物相互作用，副作用过于严重或治疗效果不明显时，患者可能需要更换治疗方法，膀胱过度活动症会影响生活质量。除了药物治疗，膀胱训练与生活习惯也会对症状减轻有效果，详情可咨询医生。 English Subtitles overactive bladder explained 来自泌尿科那点事儿 00:00 02:40 Your doctor has recommended that you receive drug therapy for your overactive bladder.The goal is to reduce the urge to urinate and the number of times you need to go,as well as to prevent accidents.Drug therapy with antimuscarinics, or with a beta-3 agonist, can help. This animation shows how these drugs work in your body and what side effects you may experience.Overactive bladder, or simply OAB, is characterized by the sudden need to urinate,and leads to uncontrolled contractions of the bladder muscle.Drug therapy with antimuscarinics, or with a beta-3 agonist,reduce these contractions in different ways.Both are taken orally. Antimuscarinics bind to specific sites on the bladder muscle,which then leads to a reduction in signals that tell the muscle to contract.As a result, your bladder capacity increases and you will feel the need to urinate less often.Antimuscarinics also bind at other sites in the body, potentially causing side effects.The most common are dry mouth, dry eyes and constipation,which can be managed by adjusting the dosage.Drug therapy with a beta-3 agonist is also effective for treating OAB,and causes few side effects.The beta-3 agonist binds to another site on the bladder muscle,which then signals the bladder muscle to relax and stop contracting.As a result, your bladder capacity increases and you will feel the need to urinate less often.Before starting drug therapy with a beta-3 agonist,your blood pressure should be checked. Drug therapy with antimuscarinics or with a beta-3 agonist can effect medical conditions you may have, like allergies.They also can interact with other medications.Check possible interactions carefully with your doctor.When side effects become too severe or the treatment does not seem to be working,you might need to switch to a different treatment.OAB affects your quality of life.In addition to drug therapy,bladder training and lifestyle advice can help manage your symptoms.Ask your doctor for advice. 责任编辑：榭小仙 审核校对：张建球 |
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