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1. Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. 一、fishing和catching都是动名词(由动词加上-ing构成)。fishing在句中做 ； catching在句中做介词的 。【注：动名词的用法见后面详解】 二、without是介词(prep.)，最常用法： 1). (表示否定)无, 没有 ①Fish can not live without water. = Fish can’t live if water. ②He found that place (毫不费力地). 2). (表示伴随)在没有…...的陪伴下；在不附带…...的情况下 ③He went out without saying anything. 他一言不发就走了。 =He went out and he . 2. But this does not worry me. worry sb. (with sth.) (以......)使某人担心/困扰某人；worry sb. for sth. 缠着某人要某物。 【比较】be worried about 对……表示担心 ①My little daughter often (令我担心) a lot. 我的小女儿经常令我很担心。 ②The boy always worries his mother (about; for; with) questions. ③Jim worried me (about; for; with) a new bike. 吉姆缠着我要一辆新单车。 ④I was worried (about; for; with) my little daughter. 我对小女儿感到担心。 3. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. instead: (adv.) 代/顶替；相反。(一般只用于句末) 【比较】instead of: (介词短语)取代；不做…...而做…... （可置于句首或句中） ①I don’t like swimming. I like skating (instead; instead of). ②They catch old boots and rubbish instead of catching fish. = They catch fish, they catch old boots and rubbish . ③I went shopping instead of doing my homework. 我去购物而没有做作业。 = I do my homework. I went shopping . 4. I am even less lucky. 一、even: (adv.) 甚至；更加。通常放在所修饰词的前面，若有助动词则放助动词后。 ①( )I thought of it. 我连想都没想过这事。 A. even haven’t B. haven’t even C. have even not D. not even have 【注意】形容词比较级前可用下列词修饰： much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。 ②( )It’s colder today than yesterday. A. too B. very C. more D. much 二、less 是little的比较级。[作形容词，修饰不可数名词]更少的；较少的 [作副词，修饰形容词]比较程度：较少；更少地; [作副词，修饰动词]少一些 ①He buys (更少) meat and (更少) eggs now. 他现在肉和鸡蛋都少买了。 ②( )The film was funny than the book. 这部电影不如原书有趣。 A. too B. very C. less D. much ③This story is less interesting than that one. 这个故事比那个更无聊。 = This story is interesting that one. 5. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 一、after在此用做介词(prep.)，因此后面的动词短语have spent要改为动名词(短语)， 才能作介词的宾语。另外，after还可以用作连词(conj.)引导时间状语从句。 after引导的状语从句中，只有当从句主语与主句的主语相同时,才可省去从句中的主语。所以，上面的句子可以改成：After spent whole mornings on the river, .... ①After saying Goodnight, the boy went to bed. = After the boy goodnight, the boy went to bed. 二、spend time/money/ energy (in) doing sth.; spend time/money/ energy on sth. ①Andy spent a lot of money (in; on; about; for) books. Andy花了很多钱买书。 ②They spent 4450 yuan (buy) the big colour TV set. 表示“花费”的常用句型结构： 1). sth. cost (sb.) money 某物花某人多少钱 2). it cost (sb.) money to do sth. 做某事花某人多少钱 3). sb. spend time (/money) on sth. 某人在某一方面花多少钱 4). sb. spend time (/money) in doing sth. 某人在做某事方面花多少钱 5). it take sb. time (/money) to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间或钱 = it take time (/money) for sb. to do sth. 6). sth. take sb. time (/money) to do sth. 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做 7). sb. take time (money) to do sth. 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事 8). sb. pay money for sth. 某人花钱买某物 6. “You must give up fishing!”my friends say.“It’s a waste of time.” 一、give up放弃。再如：戒烟→ 二、waste 1) vt.浪费；2) n. 浪费。如：a waste of (对……的浪费) ①He seldom (waste) his money. 他很少浪费金钱。 ②It’s a (waste) of time/money. 这简直是浪费时间/钱。 传统的用法为It’s a waste of time doing sth.，但现在在非正式的英语中也有to do 的: ③It is a waste of time (read) such a magazine.看这种杂志真是浪费时间。 7. But they don’t realize one important thing. realize (v.)意识到；【比较】real (adj.)真的；reality (n.)现实 1) 认识到，意识到（不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，人做主语） ①( )She that he was lying. 她意识到他正在说谎。 A. realized B. was realized C. was realizing D. realizes 2) vt. 实现（计划等）（可用于主动，也可用于被动语态） realize one’s hope/dream/plan, ... 实现某人的希望/梦想/计划,... ②He realized his dream at last. 他终于实现了自己的梦想。 → His dream at last. 8. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! not at all ：(1) 用来回答感谢，意为：不用谢；不客气。如： A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B：Not at all. 不客气。 A：Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 B：Not at all. I enjoyed it. 别客气，很高兴能帮你。 (2).用来表示否定意为：根本不；一点也不。(也是No的加强说法)， ①There is (eat) at all. 根本就没有吃的。 ②I like that guy (根本不). 我根本就不喜欢那个粗鲁的家伙。 ③A：Are you busy? 你忙吗? B： (一点不忙). (3) 用来回答道歉，意为：没关系。如： A：I’m sorry I’m late. B：Oh，not at all, do come in. 噢，没关系，请进来。 动 名 词 的 用 法 动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成，形式上与现在分词相同。 动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语（故称动名词为非谓语动词）。如： ①Her job is (look) after the baby. 她的工作是照顾婴儿。 ②She loves (swim). 她喜欢游泳。 ③Thank you for (help) us. 谢谢你帮助我们。 一、动名词的句法功能 1．用作主语 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。 【比较】：不定式作主语多指具体的、一次性的动作，常用it做形式主语。 动名词做主语多指笼统、抽象的概念, 有时也可采用it作形式主语。 常用不定式做真正主语的句型有： (1) It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do sth. (2) It’s kind ( friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. sth. . 常用动名词做真正主语的句型有： It’s no good (use, fun) doing. sth. ①To discuss the problem with a teacher is necessary.与一位老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 → necessary the problem with a teacher. ②Crying is no use. → is no use . 哭没有什么用处。 2．用作表语 ①Her favorite sport is (skate). 她最喜爱的运动是滑冰。 ②His job is (teach) English. 他的工作是教英语。 3．用作宾语（含介词宾语） ①He enjoys (play) basketball. 他喜爱打篮球。 ②He left without (say) good-bye. 他没有告别就离开了。 4．用作定语 ①This is our (read) room. 这时我们的阅览室。 ②He bought a new (wash) machine. 他买了一台新洗衣机。 ③I won the first prize in the (sing) competition. 我获得了歌咏比赛的一等奖。 二、只能接动名词的高频考点动词 有些动词，其后面只能接动名词（短语）或名词做宾语，不能接不定式，其中的中考高频词有如下的十三个动词和动词短语： enjoy(喜欢)，keep(继续)，suggest(建议)， feel like(想要做...)，finish(完成)； be busy(忙于做...)，practise(练习)， can’t help/stop(禁不住做...)，delay(耽误)， excuse(原谅)，be worth(值得做...)，risk(冒险)， mind(介意)……等等。 1. I enjoy playing basketball at the weekend. 我喜欢在周末打篮球。 2. They kept the fire burning to keep them warm. 他们继续让火燃烧来保持温暖。 3. I suggested / advised putting off the sports meeting. 我建议将运动会延期. 4. He always feels like drinking a cup of hot tea after sports. 他运动后总是想要喝一杯热茶。 5. I haven’t finished reading that book yet. 我还没读完那本书呢。 6. They’re busy getting ready for the exam. 他们正忙于准备这次考试。 7. They’re practising singing the new song. 他们正在练习唱那首新歌。 8. Hearing the news, she can’t help crying. 听到这个消息，她禁不住哭了起来。 9. They have delayed having lunch in order to finish the work on time. 10. Please excuse him coming late.(=Please excuse him for being late.) 请原谅他迟到了。 11. He is worth trusting. 他值得信任。 12. He jumped into the cold river and risked saving the child. 他跳进冰冷的河水冒险救了这孩子。 13. Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗吗？ 即时练：单项选择。 ( )1. No one enjoys _______ at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed ( )2. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______. A. painting; painted B. painted; painting C. painting; painting D. painted; painted ( )3. After finishing his homework，he went on _______ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write ( )4. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study ( )5. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing ( )6. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )7. I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off ( )8. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well. A. doing；being done B. doing；doing C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done ( )9. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post ( )10. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______. A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; to laugh C. Seeing; laughing D. To see; laughing ( )11. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes. A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent ( )12. I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take |
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