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主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去 分词 三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: 1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked 2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked 4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked 5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked 6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 四. 用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六. 注意以下问题： A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常 见 词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her father bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father. B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy. I was made happy( by them). 3. He asked me to come here. l I was asked to come here (by him) C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。 eg. 1. We saw them play football just now. They were seen to play football just now. 2. We often hear her sing in English. She is often heard to sing in English. D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg. 1. People often talk about that film. That film is often talked about. 2. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should be spoken to politely. E.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. F.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need _____ _____ _____ . 被动语态专项练习 1. A large number of people speak French in Paris. French ____ ______ ____a large number of people in Paris. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou. 3. Does he clean the room every day? ______the room______ ______ ______every day? 4. We often sing this song. ____________________________________________. 5. Does he clean the room every day? ______the room______ ______ ______every day? 6. Did he paint the window red? ______the window_____ _____ ______ ______? 7. My cousin repaired the broken watch. The broken watch ____ _____ _____my cousin. 8. They built a bridge between the two islands last year. A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year. 9. Where did they plant trees? Where _________ trees _________? 10. He broke his leg in the match. ________________________. 11. We will give a birthday party tomorrow. ___________________________________________. 12. She will sell her house soon. ___________________________________________. 13. We will build a new library this year. A new library______ _______ _______by_______this year. 14. People are still cutting down too many trees in the USA. ______________________________________________________. 15. He is repairing the machine. ___________________________________________. 16. Are they teaching foreign languages there? ______foreign languages________ ________there? 17. Are you going to make a new plane? ____a new plane_____ _____ ______ _____? 18. He has finished his work. ________________________________________. 19. Have they finished the new project? ______the new project______ _______by______? 20. We should plant the trees around the lake. The trees _____ _____ ______around the lake. 21. You can borrow two books at a time. Two books _________ _________ _________ at a time. 22. We call maths the language of science. Maths _________ _________ the language of science. 23.The teacher made the students copy the text. The students _________ _________ _________ copy the text. 24. Someone saw John cross the street just now. John _______ _______ _______ ______ the street just now by someone. 25. The boss made the workers work all day The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss. 26. He gave me a book I ______ ______ a book by him. A book ____ ____ _____ me by him . 27. My mother made me a cake . I ____ _____ a cake by my mother A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother . 28. I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now . 29. We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ . 30. My aunt bought me a present on my birthday. I ____ _____a present by my aunt on my birthday. A present _____ ____ _____me by my aunt on my birthday. |
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