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Units 11～12 Key to success & Education (2009·湖北八校一联)某中学生英文报对是否该取消“五一”长假及其理由，在中学生中进行了问卷调查。调查结果如下：
请你以该报纸英语编辑的身份，根据上表调查结果，以May Day Long Holidays, Kept or Cancelled为题，为报纸写一篇110左右的简短英语报道。开头已为你写好，不计入总字数。 May Day Long Holidays, Kept or Cancelled? Recently, we carried out a survey on whether the May Day long holidays should be cancelled or not by means of questionnaire among students. The results are as follows： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考答案] May Day Long Holidays, Kept or Cancelled? Recently, we carried out a survey on whether the May Day long holidays should be cancelled or kept by means of questionnaire among students. The results are as follows： About 24% of the surveyed people are in favour of the canceling. The defenders state that the May Day long holidays contribute to many problems. For a start, many tourists choose to travel during the long holidays; as a consequence, the traffic, whether the train or the plane, is very crowded, which, of course, brings a lot of inconveniences to the people who need to make regular trips. It is an accepted fact that every tourist attraction can only receive a certain number of visitors, but now with the tourists flowing in, the scenic spots are damaged and some cultural relics are ruined. Anyway, none of us, including the visitors, is willing to see the consequence. However, another 76% are strongly against the canceling. May is a good time for outing and to experience spring, so people need the long holiday. No one can deny that the tourism economy is promoted, especially sales of commodity in the tourism destinations. Maybe whether the May Day long holidays will be cancelled or kept depends on the government’s policy. Ⅰ.重点单词 1．______(vi.) 拒绝；变小；变少；变弱 (vt.) 拒绝；使下降 (n.) 下降；衰退；斜坡 2．______(vi.) 辞职 3．______(adj.) 互相矛盾的；互相对立的 4．______(vt.) 使尴尬；使为难 5．______(n.) 妥协；和解；折衷 6．______(adj.) 暂时的；临时的
7．______(vt.) 怀疑；不相信 (n.) 嫌疑犯；可疑对象 8．______(n.) 名声；名誉；名气 9．______(n.) 描述；介绍；提出 10．______(n.) 计划表；日程安排表 11．______(vt.) 选择；挑选；选拔 12．______(vt.) 取得；获得 13．______(vt.) 提倡 14．______(adj.) 常怀疑的 15．______(adj.) 义务的；有责任的；必须做的 16．______(n.) 负荷；负载 [答案] 1．decline 2.resign 3.contradictory 4.embarrass 5．compromise 6.temporary 7.suspect 8.reputation 9．presentation 10.schedule 11.select 12.obtain 13．advocate 14.sceptical 15.compulsory 16.load Ⅱ.词汇拓展 1．shame→______(adj.)可耻的，丢脸的→______(adj.)无耻的 2．combination→______(v.)使(结合) 3．finance→______(adj.)→______(n.)金融家 4．congratulate→______(n.)祝贺；贺词 5．definite→______(adj.)决定性的→______(adv.)确切地 6．ambitious→______(n.)野心，志向 7．violent→______(n.)暴力，暴行 8．regulation→______(adj.)→______(反义词)不规则的 9．excite→______(adj.)兴奋的→______(adj.)令人兴奋的→______(n.)激动，兴奋 10．division→______(adj.)→______(v.)分开，分散 11．expectation→______(v.)→______(adj.)预料的；预期的 12．uncertain→______(反义词)→______(adv.)无疑地，确实地→______(n.)确信，确实 13．summary→______(v.)概括，总结→______(n.)总数，总计 14．restriction→______(v.)→______(adj.)限制性的 15．suit→______(adj.)合适的，适宜的 16．evident→______(n.)证明，证据 17．profession→______(adj.)职业的，专业的 18．donate→______(n.)捐赠物 19．expand→______(n.)→______(adj.)广阔的 20．tendency→______(v.)趋向，倾向 21．distribute→______(n.)→______(n.)分发者，分配者→______(adj.)经销的，分销的 [答案] 1．shameful; shameless 2.combine 3．financial; financier 4.congratulation 5．definitive; definitely 6.ambition 7.violence 8．regular; irregular 9.excited; exciting; excitement 10．divisible; divide 11.expect; expected 12．certain; certainly; certainty 13.summarize; sum 14．restrict; restrictive 15.suitable 16.evidence 17．professional 18.donation 19.expansion; expansive 20．tend 21.distribution; distributor; distributive Ⅲ.重点短语 1．______ demand 需求 2．make the best ______ 充分利用 3．count...______... 把……当作、视为 4．______ a whole 普遍说来；作为整体 5．take...______ account 考虑；体谅 6．keep an eye ______ 照料；照管 7．______ reality 事实上；实际上 8．pull out ______ 从……中退出 9．______ thick and thin 不畏艰险；在任何情况下 10．stick ______ 继续支持；保持联系 [答案] 1．in 2.of 3.as 4.as 5.into 6.on 7．in 8.of 9.through 10.with Ⅳ.重点句型 1．What if...？要是……又怎么样？ 2．Considering that...考虑到…… 3．Be careful to describe the subject of the graph rather than the picture the graph makes.认真描述图表所反映的问题而不是描述图表的画面。 Ⅰ.词汇聚焦 1．embarrass vt.使为难；使尴尬 搭配：be/feel embarrassed(at/by/with...)(对……)感到尴尬 embarrassing questions/position/silence令人尴尬的问题/地位/沉默
Some people will be embarrassed if others keep praising them in their face. 如果别人当面不停地夸奖自己，有些人会感到不好意思。 Don’t embarrass them with personal questions. 不要问隐私让他们感到尴尬。 [指点迷津] embarrassed adj.(人)感到尴尬的；embarrassing adj.(事)令人尴尬的 It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today. A. misleading B. embarrassing C. boring D. demanding 解析：句意：我们还不知道目前世界上的动植物有多少种类，这是令人尴尬的事。embarrassing“令人尴尬的”；misleading“令人误解的”；boring“令人厌倦的”；demanding“(工作)苛求的，费力的”。 答案：B
2．excite vt.使兴奋；使激动 excited a．(人)兴奋的；激动的 excitedly adv. exciting a．(事)使人激动的；令人兴奋的 excitingly adv. excitement n. [U]刺激；激动；兴奋 搭配：become/get excited at/by/about/over/with因……而激动兴奋 Strong coffee excites your nerves. 浓咖啡刺激神经，使人兴奋。 I was very excited when I knew that I had passed the visa interview. 得知通过了签证面试，我非常兴奋。 This is an exciting story. 这是一个令人激动的故事。 The news caused great excitement. 这消息极令人兴奋。 [指点迷津] excited与interested, surprised用法相同，exciting与interesting, surprising用法相同。 Most people find it difficult to tell one from another in any case. I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit I found it quite ______. A. exciting B. dangerous C. boring D. peculiar 解析：exciting“激动人心的”。根据下文Anyway, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying their day out at the races.可判断出作者认为这种比赛是激动人心的。dangerous“危险的”；boring“无聊的”；peculiar“奇怪的”。 答案：A
3．analyse vt.分析；研究 analyse the cause of the failure分析失败的原因 analyse a sentence when studying grammar学习语法时对句子进行分析 analysis n．[C，U]分析，研究 He analysed the food and found it contained poison. 他对食物作了化验，发现有毒。 [指点迷津] analyse又作analyze(AmE)． Specialists will be invited to ______ our present system before we try to improve it. A. measure B. comment C. explain D. analyse 解析：句意：在我们改进目前的体系之前，要邀请专家进行分析。analyse“分析”；measure“测量”；comment (on)“评论”；explain“解释”。 答案：D
4．advocate vt.提倡，主张 搭配：advocate (doing) sth.提供、主张做某事 advocate vt.表示“提倡，主张”时，后可跟名词或动名词即advocate sth./advocate doing sth.，也可跟that从句，从句中谓语动词应用should型虚拟语气，即advocate that sb. (should) do sth./advocate that sth. (should) be done. Most feminists advocate equal pay for men and women. 许多女权主义者提倡男女同工同酬。 [指点迷津] advocate后面不能接动词不定式，搭配与suggest近似。 Mr Jones holds strong views against video games and ______ the closing of all recreational facilities for such games. A. assists B. permits C. advocates D. admits 解析：句意为：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，倡导关闭所有开发此类游戏的娱乐设施。advocates“提倡，主张”；assist“援助，帮助”；permit“允许”；admits“承认，接纳”。 答案：C
5．donate vt.捐赠，赠送 donate sth. (to sb./sth.)捐赠，赠送(钱、物等) donate large sums to relief organizations向救济组织捐赠巨款 donate blood献血 donation n. [C]捐赠物；n. [U]捐赠，赠送 [指点迷津] donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，常与介词to搭配。类似用法的词语还有：introduce sb. to sb., explain sth. to sb. If most breadwinners ______ a day’s pay to the Hope Project, then it will be hopeful. A. gift B. present C. donate D. give 解析：句意：如果大多数养家人都为希望工程捐献他一天所得，那么希望工程大有希望。gift指赋予某人什么才能，通常用于被动语态；give为一般用语；present是正式颁给某人，通常附有仪式，着重强调赠者与接受方的关系；donate所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或机构。 答案：C
Ⅱ.短语突破 The population as a whole is/are in favour of the reform.全体人民普遍拥护改革。 On the whole, I’m in favour of the proposal. 总的说来，我赞成这个提议。 [指点迷津] as a whole通常不与它的修饰成分分开，而on the whole通常用作插入成分，需用逗号与句子其他成分分开。
I’ll tell you how to do it once again. 我将再告诉你一次怎么做。 [指点迷津] 以上短语通常作状语。
If you do have difficulties in picking up the programmes with a short－wave radio, it is better to try it ______ another day. A. at once B. once in a while C. once D. once again 解析：at once“立刻”；once in a while“偶尔”；once“一次”；once again“再一次，又一次”。根据句意，只有D项符合题意。 答案：D
The general pulled his troops out of the area. 将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。 TV programmes usually cater to all tastes. 电视通常提供各种不同趣味的娱乐节目。
When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account. 评价他的表演时，不要考虑他的年龄。 He didn’t live up to his reputation. 他的生活与他的名声不符。 [指点迷津] cater to中的to为介词，后需接名词或动名词作宾语；in reality和in fact常用作状语。 We thought they had come to repair the phone, but in ______， they were burglars. A. reality B. addition C. future D. vain 解析：句意：我们原以为他们是来修电话的，可实际上他们是强盗。in reality“事实上，实际上”；in addition“另外，而且”；in future“未来，将来”；in vain“徒然地，白费力地”。 答案：A
Keep an eye on the baby. 照看一下这个婴儿。 I’ve lost my ring. Could you keep an eye out for it when you clean the house? 我的戒指不见了。你打扫房子时能留点神吗？ [指点迷津] keep an eye on与take care of, look after近义；keep an eye open与watch近义。
—Could you please ______ my suitcase for a moment? —With pleasure. A. keep an eye open for B. keep your ears open C. keep eyes on D. keep an eye on 解析：keep an eye on“照料，照管”；keep an eye open for“留心，注意”；keep one’s ears open“留心听”。 答案：D
5．stick with sb./sth.继续支持某人/某事；保持与某人/某事联系 stick to坚持(to为介词) stick out伸出，突出 I’m sticking with my original idea. 我坚持我原来的主张。 Stick with me and you’ll be all right. 有事你来找我就没问题了。 Don’t stick your head out of the car window. 不要把头伸到车窗外。 [指点迷津] stick to坚持理论(观点、看法等)；insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。 Suddenly I regained hope. I decided to ______ next year. A. hold on B. turn to C. begin with D. stick with 解析：从下文判断“她决定明年坚持比赛”，stick with“坚持”。 答案：D
6．drop out (of)退出，辍学 drop by/in顺便(或偶然)访问 drop in at some place参观(某地) drop in on sb.拜访(某人) drop off睡着；(让……)下车，把……放下；下降，减少 Since his defeat he’s dropped out of politics. 他失败后就不再从事政治活动了。 The manager dropped in unannounced at the office several times a week. 经理每星期都不经事先通知来办公室几次。 I must have dropped off for a few minutes. 我一定是睡着了几分钟。 [指点迷津] drop in at/on...为顺便拜访，而visit或pay a visit to为专程拜访。 Joe Jones, the eldest of the eight children, had to ______ out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm. A. leave B. drop C. fall D. go 解析：leave作“离校，退学或毕业”讲时，是及物动词，即leave school; drop out of有“放弃”的意思；fall out为“争吵，发生，产生……的结果”；go out of school虽有“走出学校”的意思，但不符合语境，这里是“退学”的意思，故选B。 答案：B
7．result in产生某种作用或结果 result from(因而)产生，发生，出现 Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力终于成功了。 Hs injuries resulted from a fall. 他因摔倒而受的伤。 [指点迷津] result in后面常接结果；result from后常接原因。 A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ______ much sharing of interest and responsibilities. A. take over B. result in C. hold on D. result from 解析：result in“导致，引起”；其他选项意思分别为：take over“接管”；hold on“继续，坚持”；result from后接原因，表示“因……而发生，产生”。 答案：B
8．to begin with首先，第一，起初 (1)in the first place; firstly首先，第一 (2)at first起初 To begin with he had no money, but later he became quite rich. 他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。 [指点迷津] to begin with为一固定词组，不能去掉to，它与firstly, at first“相近”。 I’m not going. ______ I haven’t a ticket, and second I don’t like the play. A. Begin with B. Beginning with C. To begin with D. Begun with 解析：to begin with“首先，第一”；begin with“以……开始”。 答案：C
Ⅲ.句型归纳 1．It is important that all members of the team feel that each of them makes an equal contribution and that they help and support each other.所有队员都感觉他们中每个人所做的贡献是相等的，而且他们能相互帮助和支持，这一点是很重要的。 [思维拓展] it作形式主语的句型： ①It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。 It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.人们相信，中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。 (本句型常用的动词是：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide等) ②It＋be＋形容词＋that从句。 It is probable that she will be a little late. 她可能要迟到一会儿。 ③It＋be＋名词＋that从句。 It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.没有共产党，就没有新中国，这是一个真理。 ④It＋seems/happens/appears等不及物动词＋that从句。 It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. 看来他非常喜欢流行音乐。 ⑤如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 Is it true that he will go abroad next week? 他下周要出国，是真的吗？ ⑥固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事 It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.乘飞机从上海到新西兰花了他14个小时。 ⑦It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. It is difficult for us to finish the task in such a short time.在这么短的时间内我们要完成这项任务是很困难的。 The Foreign Minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 解析：本题考查It作形式主语的用法。通过分析题干结构可知，that引导主语从句，因此需用It is, It作形式主语。而this, that无此用法，B项意义不当。 答案：D
2．It is reported that 99% of school－age children in China attended primary school by 2004.据报道，到2004年，99%的适龄儿童都上小学了。 It is reported that...(It is＋p.p.＋that...)据报道…… ＝People report that＋主句 ＝主语＋be reported to do... [思维拓展] It’s hoped that...人们希望…… It’s thought that...有人认为…… It’s ordered that...已下令…… It’s supposed that...据推测…… It’s well known that...众所周知…… It’s pointed out that...需要指出的是…… It must be admitted that...必须承认的是…… [指点迷津] 句型中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，不能省略。 Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 解析：动词不定式的完成式表示过去发生的事，所提供的情景what country he studied in表明Robert过去曾在某个国家学习过，要填to have studied。 答案：A
3．In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1,000 km away from the nearest school.在澳大利亚的北部和中部地区，人口很分散，一些偏远地区的孩子们离最近的学校也有1,000千米。 so...that...如此……以致于……，that引导结果状语从句在so...that...或such...that...句型中，that在状语从句中不作任何句子成分，注意与定语从句中的that(作主语或宾语)区分。 [思维拓展]
[指点迷津] ①such是形容词，修饰名词， so是副词，修饰形容词、副词。 ②so little后必须接不可数名词，表示“如此少的，这么少的”；若little意思是“小的”，是普通形容词，前面用such。 ③many, (a) few, much, (a)little用于such之前，表示“许多/一点这样的……”；而many, few, much, little用于so之后，表示“这么多/少……”。 ④a, an用在such之后，但no, any, some, all以及数字用于such之前。 so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词 ＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词 too＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋to do) as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋as) How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词 ＝What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词 We were in ______ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 解析：such后接名词，正确的词序是such an anxious rush。so是副词后接形容词，正确的词序是so anxious a rush。 答案：D
4．I had my hair cut off and sold it because....我把头发剪了并且卖了因为…… 该句中have为使役动词，构成have sth. done结构，其中的sth.与do之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 [思维拓展] have的常见用法： ①助动词 用于陈述语气 You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? 用于虚拟语气 Without your help, we would have failed. ②实义动词 与got连用，多用于口语，表示“有”。 I’ve got something interesting to tell you. 用于否定句，有“容忍，允许”之意。 I won’t have you say such things. ③have sth. done＝get sth. done 让某人做某事或使某事发生 I’d love to have this package weighed. ④have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 ＝make sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. ⑤have sb. doing＝keep sb. doing 让某人处于某种状态或持续某种动作 My dad has only two men working for him. ⑥won’t have sb. do/doing/done不容忍，不允许 She won’t have herself treated as a commodity. I won’t have you tell me what to do. We won’t have you doing that. ⑦固定搭配 have sth. on穿戴 have it that据……的说法 have a say有权发言 have a pity on同情，可怜 have in mind考虑到 have a go试一试 have no business无权，没有理由(做某事) —Whom would you rather ______ paint the wall? —Johnson. A. ask B. order C. have D. get 解析：将此题还原为一个陈述句，即“You would rather have(whom) paint the wall.”A、B、D三个选项都必须接动词不定式，即ask/order/get sb. to do sth.。 答案：C
5．Not only will these qualities make you rise in the eyes of others, you will also feel better about yourself.这些品质不仅会使你在别人眼中的地位得到提升，也会使你自我感觉更好。 Not only...(but) also“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列的成分。 [指点迷津] ①not only放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，但连接的成分是主语时，虽位于句首，也不用倒装语序。如： Not only does she like English, (but) also she learns it well.她不仅喜欢英语，而且学得好。 Not only I but also she likes English.不仅我而且她也喜欢英语。 ②具有否定意义的词语(主语除外)位于句首时用倒装。这类词有：not, never, seldom, rarely, hardly, not until, neither...(nor), no sooner...than, hardly...when, by no means, in no time等。如： Never shall I forget the day.我决不会忘记这一天。 (试比较： I shall never forget the day.) The boy said ______ couldn’t he work out the problem but his teacher didn’t know how to do with it. A. though B. never C. hardly D. not only 解析：当not only置于句首时，它引导的句子要用倒装语序，not only...but also可以省略also。 答案：D
6．..., you must first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to find out where your real interests lie.……，为了找出你真正的兴趣所在，你必须首先探测一下你的才干并逐步对你自己有所了解。 so as to find out...是动词不定式作目的状语，也可以用in order to...或to do...来引导。但so as to引导的不定式不能位于句首。 [指点迷津] 英语中可以用来作目的状语的结构有： to do sth. in order to do sth. so as to do sth. in order that－clause so that－clause In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state－run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 解析：strive to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，后接不定式，C项表示努力追求之前所完成的动作，与句意不符。 答案：A
7．When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander Fleming said: “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”当亚历山大·弗莱明被问及自己的发现时，他说：“一个人有时会发现他自己并未寻找的东西。” When asked about his discovery＝When he was asked about his discovery，这是when引导的省略句。当when引导的从句中主语和主句主语一致时并且从句谓语中含有系动词时，从句可以使用省略形式。 ①当从句中的谓语动词与主语为主谓关系时，省略句用when＋doing。 When crossing the road, you must look out for cars. ②当从句中的谓语动词与主语是动宾关系时，省略句用when＋done。 When completed, the museum will be open to the public next month. ③与when有相同用法的常见词有：while, as, though, unless, once, if, even if等。 Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 解析：主句主语与invite具有被动关系，故空格处应用过去分词invited。unless invited to speak＝unless you are invited to speak。 答案：A
8．How the tasks of the group are divided depends on the personalities and abilities of the individuals in the group.每组的任务的分配是凭借小组成员个人品格和能力划分的。 本句中How the tasks of the group are divided是一个由连接副词how引导的主语从句，主句的谓语是depends on。 [思维拓展] 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when, where, why, how等。它们引导的名词性从句可作句子的主语、表语和宾语。如： How he died is still unknown to us. 他是怎样死的我们仍不知道。 I don’t know how and when I should do it. 我不知怎样去做也不知何时做。 ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 解析：第一空要求选一个能引导主语从句同时在从句中作understand的宾语的疑问词，应该用what；第二空选一个表达她不明白原因的词且引导表语从句。 答案：A |
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