(2). 90% 的患者存在皮肤色素沉着,最常见于皮肤皱褶和瘢痕、肘关节伸侧表面、指关节、嘴唇和牙龈粘膜; 需要注意的既往史包括产后大出血病史、鞍区手术外伤史、放疗史等;实验室检查发现的低钠血症,规范实验室 8 AM 检测的血清皮质醇水平或者唾液皮质醇水平低下,其他垂体激素水平低下等。 长期治疗,首选短效糖皮质激素口服剂型(即氢化可的松),每日分 2 ~ 3 次给药,使用能缓解糖皮质激素缺乏症状的最小剂量。经典 bid 给药方式为晨起时给予总剂量的 2/3 左右,下午给予总剂量的 1/3,模拟皮质醇正常的昼夜节律。 参考文献: 1. Gibb FW, Stewart A, Walker BR, Strachan MW. Adrenal insufficiency in patients on long-term opioid analgesia. Clin Endocrinol, 2016; 85: 831 – 5. 2. Husebye ES, Allolio B, Arlt W et al. Consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. J Intern Med 2014; 275: 104 – 15 3. Baker PR, Nanduri P, Gottlieb PA et al. Predicting the onset of Addison's disease: ACTH, renin, cortisol and 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies. Clin Endocrinol 2012; 76: 617 – 24. 4. Hahner S, Loeffler M, Bleicken B et al. Epidemiology of adrenal crisis in chronic adrenal insufficiency: the need for new prevention strategies. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162: 597 – 602. 5. Pazderska A, Pearce SH. Adrenal insufficiency - recognition and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2017;17: 258-262. 6. Watts NB, Tindall GT. Rapid assessment of corticotropin reserve after pituitary surgery. JAMA 1988; 259:708. 7. Schmidt IL, Lahner H, Mann K, Petersenn S. Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: Evaluation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone test and Basal serum cortisol in comparison to the insulin tolerance test in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:4193. |
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